Motilin 发表于 2025-3-27 00:38:36

http://reply.papertrans.cn/79/7812/781195/781195_31.png

食草 发表于 2025-3-27 03:47:06

Gauge Fields, the internal symmetry group of this Lagrangian). It is not invariant under transformations of the form .′(.) = .(.).(.), where . = ... is a function taking values on the unit circle. However, one can consider the Lagrangian of a bispinor field interacting with an electromagnetic field A.(.); this

宣称 发表于 2025-3-27 07:22:45

Particles Corresponding to Nonquadratic Lagrangians three and higher. In Chapter 2 we showed that if the matrix (..) is nonnegative definite, .. describes particles whose squared masses are the eigenvalues of this matrix. The term .(.) can be taken into account by perturbation techniques; although it does not change the spectrum qualitatively, it ne

progestin 发表于 2025-3-27 10:31:43

http://reply.papertrans.cn/79/7812/781195/781195_34.png

女歌星 发表于 2025-3-27 13:58:00

http://reply.papertrans.cn/79/7812/781195/781195_35.png

CRASS 发表于 2025-3-27 18:53:33

Topological Integrals of Motionin Figure 11. The particle cannot penetrate an infinitely high potential barrier: if it starts to the left of point ., for example, it remains to the left of that point for all time. This is true for both classical and quantum particles.

Abduct 发表于 2025-3-27 23:23:09

http://reply.papertrans.cn/79/7812/781195/781195_37.png

宣誓书 发表于 2025-3-28 03:43:07

Topological Integrals of Motion in Gauge Theoryry of electroweak interaction. We take the Lagrangian ., where . = (..,..., ..) is a multicomponent fermion field, . = (..,..., ..) a multicomponent scalar field, and .. the free Lagrangian describing the interaction of these fields. Assume that (12.1) is invariant under an internal symmetry group .

装勇敢地做 发表于 2025-3-28 06:26:36

Particles in Gauge Theories of a classical vacuum .., having lifted the degeneracy of the classical vacuum by imposing a gauge condition. A natural gauge condition is . where ., as before, is the map taking a point in .. to the nearest point in .. We recall that, in general, . is one-to-one and continuous only in a neighborho

单调性 发表于 2025-3-28 11:26:26

http://reply.papertrans.cn/79/7812/781195/781195_40.png
页: 1 2 3 [4] 5 6
查看完整版本: Titlebook: Quantum Field Theory and Topology; Albert S. Schwarz Book 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Condensed Matter.Gauge theory.Lie gr