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Party Group Switching in the European Parliament regional, and local elections. At a . level, national parties also compete in elections, for seats in the European Parliament (EP), the legislative body of the EU. National political parties remain the basic organizational unit at both the national and European levels, controlling access to Europeaagenda 发表于 2025-3-24 14:32:40
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Timing Matters: Incentives for Party Switching and Stages of Parliamentary Cyclesdemocracy, we and the other contributors to this book probe changes of party affiliation among elected politicians. This chapter is distinctive in that it links the phenomenon of party switching to the stage in the parliamentary cycle. Our goal here is two-fold. On one hand, our research is the firscalamity 发表于 2025-3-24 22:34:06
Competition for Power: Party Switching and Party System Change in Japanffice, and policy considerations. The payoffs from party switching are closely linked to electoral and party systems, as well as the dynamics of party competition. In short, the institutional context defined by electoral rules and party politics influences party switching, which in turn can affect tMAL 发表于 2025-3-25 02:00:50
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