conscribe 发表于 2025-3-25 05:17:52
http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3079/307878/307878_21.pngRecess 发表于 2025-3-25 09:52:35
,Holland and “Trade”,w and the presentation of native gifts. Only then would a foreign nation be allowed to trade. This was a mode of thinking that did not stress mutuality at all; it was a hierarchy with the emperor at the summit and China as the center of the world.bromide 发表于 2025-3-25 11:52:06
http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3079/307878/307878_23.pngintertwine 发表于 2025-3-25 16:50:24
http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3079/307878/307878_24.pngbrother 发表于 2025-3-25 20:20:51
of global modernity through Europe’s early encounter with C.This text is a timely and wide-ranging study providing essential background to the development of global modernity through the European encounter with China. Considering differing notions of peace, empire, trade, religion, and diplomacy asEvacuate 发表于 2025-3-26 03:29:25
http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3079/307878/307878_26.png出来 发表于 2025-3-26 04:23:00
http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3079/307878/307878_27.pngInfelicity 发表于 2025-3-26 11:48:24
Leistungssystem von Medienunternehmen “peace,” which meant something very different when it was translated into the languages used by the Mongols during this period. The West expected a mutual peace treaty and the laying down of arms, but in the Mongol world “peace” meant capitulation, in other words, that the West would agree to become subservient to Mongol authority.抵押贷款 发表于 2025-3-26 15:13:20
http://reply.papertrans.cn/31/3079/307878/307878_29.png兴奋过度 发表于 2025-3-26 17:47:24
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