adulation 发表于 2025-3-21 18:22:20
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Michael Eggers,Patrick HohlweckTransparency is intended to open up the process of governance to public scrutiny and accountability. It replaces the historical practice of political elites conducting public affairs in private. Doing so restricts information about what happens within the black box of government to a limited number of insiders.Hemodialysis 发表于 2025-3-22 00:42:49
Explaining Who Pays Grass-Roots Bribes,Explanations of corruption are methodologically determined. Studies at the national levels usually concentrate on capital-intensive corruption, but understanding the experience of individuals at the grass roots requires a different approach.sed-rate 发表于 2025-3-22 07:48:18
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Richard Rose,Caryn PeifferLooks at functional and dysfunctional aspects of corruption and asks how corruption differs across services.Focuses on the experience that ordinary people have when dealing with officials who deliver相一致 发表于 2025-3-22 15:32:26
Political Corruption and Governancehttp://image.papertrans.cn/b/image/180365.jpgpericardium 发表于 2025-3-22 17:23:59
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/19/1804/180365/180365_8.pngepinephrine 发表于 2025-3-23 05:26:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90345-7blic employees face-to-face. Whereas laws and rules are enacted in the national capital, this is a long way from where most people live, including the public employees nominally acting as their agents.得意牛 发表于 2025-3-23 09:31:18
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93299-6es a bribe, it is both illegal and wrong to do so. When social scientists write about political behaviour it is characterized in ethically neutral terms; for example, it is assumed that winning an election is better than losing an election.