anaerobic
发表于 2025-3-26 23:11:49
Textbook 2019nique evidence: a data base of sample surveys of 175,000 people in 125 countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North and South America. The authors avoid one-size-fits-all proposals for reform and instead provide measures that can be applied to particular public services to reduce or eliminate opportunities for corruption..
周年纪念日
发表于 2025-3-27 02:04:12
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93299-6and ineffectiveness that national corruption may have on economic growth. Whatever methods are used, the cost of corruption is estimated to be billions of dollars annually and cumulatively tens of billions.
ETCH
发表于 2025-3-27 07:39:32
http://reply.papertrans.cn/19/1804/180365/180365_33.png
Terrace
发表于 2025-3-27 11:00:11
http://reply.papertrans.cn/19/1804/180365/180365_34.png
hangdog
发表于 2025-3-27 15:08:12
http://reply.papertrans.cn/19/1804/180365/180365_35.png
轻信
发表于 2025-3-27 21:23:31
Getting What You Want from Governance,ce and public agencies have teachers, nurses or civil engineers with the expert knowledge and skills to deliver it by the book. But what do people do when the state in which they live is not staffed by bureaucratic automatons behaving strictly by the book? This challenge is of immediate relevance in
FLAT
发表于 2025-3-28 00:19:24
Exploiting National Government,as a whole. The primary concern is the extent to which high-ranking policymakers in the national capital make decisions that produce big-bucks benefits for a small number of people. The primary information used to create corruption indexes consists of expert perceptions of how politicians behave whe
用肘
发表于 2025-3-28 02:28:19
http://reply.papertrans.cn/19/1804/180365/180365_38.png
ALOFT
发表于 2025-3-28 08:57:04
Politicians Behaving Badly,es a bribe, it is both illegal and wrong to do so. When social scientists write about political behaviour it is characterized in ethically neutral terms; for example, it is assumed that winning an election is better than losing an election.
荨麻
发表于 2025-3-28 11:22:31
The Impact of Corruption on Citizens,en as having a substantial negative effect on economic growth. Corrupt politicians who control national resources and foreign aid may abuse their political power to make sure that they take what they want for themselves. At worst, corrupt rulers have been ‘stationary bandits’, enforcing an undemocra