无思维能力
发表于 2025-3-25 05:10:24
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93299-6en as having a substantial negative effect on economic growth. Corrupt politicians who control national resources and foreign aid may abuse their political power to make sure that they take what they want for themselves. At worst, corrupt rulers have been ‘stationary bandits’, enforcing an undemocra
积云
发表于 2025-3-25 07:52:45
Gattungsreflexion/Schemaliteraturall the obstacles that are a legacy from their predecessors. Thus, when the Berlin Wall fell, well-intentioned theorists of the end of history saw no need to worry about corruption because democratic institutions would be a corrective mechanism for the legacy of bad governance from Communist times.
周年纪念日
发表于 2025-3-25 13:05:50
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92846-3corruption; bribery; governance; public services; reform; political legitimacy; economic development
严厉批评
发表于 2025-3-25 19:05:05
978-3-319-92845-6The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer International P
Projection
发表于 2025-3-25 23:30:30
Die Kreditgeschäfte der Kreditinstitute with the unpredictable arbitrariness of a despot or with the commitment of a Communist or Nazi ideologue. Instead, the practice of governance offers people a choice of how they get the service they want. These choices are ignored in many studies of governance.
chronology
发表于 2025-3-26 03:43:02
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同来核对
发表于 2025-3-26 08:06:29
Textbook 2019een measures of corruption. More than 1.8 billion people pay the price of bad government each year, by sending a bribe to a public official. In developing countries, corruption affects social services, such as health care and education, and law enforcement institutions, such as the police. When publ
plasma-cells
发表于 2025-3-26 09:21:29
2947-5449 rdinary people have when dealing with officials who deliver This book explains why the role of corruption varies greatly between public services, between people, between national systems of governance, and between measures of corruption. More than 1.8 billion people pay the price of bad government e
胰岛素
发表于 2025-3-26 12:38:20
Peter Rösler,Thomas Mackenthun,Rudolf Pohls for a small number of people. The primary information used to create corruption indexes consists of expert perceptions of how politicians behave when handling public money and desk-based research evaluating government institutions. The reforms that are advocated to deal with big-bucks corruption are directed at national institutions.
男生如果明白
发表于 2025-3-26 19:46:04
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