起波澜 发表于 2025-3-30 09:14:20
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38418-0 I think these rules individually, and as a set, have a great deal of intuitive plausibility in their favour. Therefore, in this essay, I propose to look at the rules more closely and ask where they come from, how they may be justified, and whether there is any internal connection between them as aSOB 发表于 2025-3-30 13:54:22
,Terminmärkte für Elektrizität,h a new set of terms: claim, data (later “grounds”), warrant, modal qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Toulmin’s scheme has been widely adopted in the discipline of speech communication, especially in the United States. In this paper I focus on one component of the scheme, the concept of a warrant. I arg讲个故事逗他 发表于 2025-3-30 18:58:24
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38418-0or instance, let the ground level dialogue be an argumentative discussion aiming at the resolution of some dispute. Then disagreement about the correctness of some move in this dialogue will constitute another dispute which the parties again may try to resolve by dialogue. This dialogue will then beCarbon-Monoxide 发表于 2025-3-30 23:49:03
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38418-0s is most prominently featured in the dialectical ideal of a procedure designed to achieve reflective inquiry, critical testing, mutual influence and consensus decision-making. Sometimes this value is embodied in the form of specific rules — such as those in the pragma-dialectical code of conduct (.ALE 发表于 2025-3-31 14:29:44
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,Terminmärkte für Elektrizität,gumentation schemes. The paper shows how argumentation schemes and critical questions should be fitted into the technique of argument diagramming using the Araucaria software system. This XML-based system provides an interface through which the user can mark up a text of discourse to produce an argu