航海太平洋
发表于 2025-3-25 07:10:21
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intricacy
发表于 2025-3-25 10:43:16
Basic Aerodynamics,act science. It contains approximations, simplifications, and empirical coefficients, and the picture is complicated for a flapping wing, in which angles, velocities, and shape change instantaneously. Therefore, animal flight is complicated, but can be understood by the application of theories of ai
affinity
发表于 2025-3-25 14:56:35
Physiology of Flight,quired to fly, that is, the power output, which also is treated for different flight modes in Chapters 8 and 9. A large part of the metabolic rate appears as heat production in the body. The actual, metabolic, energy cost of flight (chemical power output) depends on the mechanical power requirement
协定
发表于 2025-3-25 17:08:57
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南极
发表于 2025-3-25 21:14:19
Gliding Flight,es BMR (Baudinette and Schmidt-Nielsen 1974), for the flight muscles do not perform any mechanical work but produce only static forces to keep the wings down on the horizontal plane, opposing the aerodynamic force. The gliding performance, aerodynamics, and stability and control of movements will be
危机
发表于 2025-3-26 01:15:47
Soaring,ential (height gain) or kinetic (speed gain) energy. Soaring birds usually glide using vertical and horizontal air movements, and they use only additional muscular energy to correct position and to hold the wings down in the horizontal position. Many large birds use soaring when searching for food,
缓和
发表于 2025-3-26 04:18:30
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Anthem
发表于 2025-3-26 08:57:25
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GEN
发表于 2025-3-26 16:12:01
Forward Flight,velocity to the resultant relative velocity decreases. In other words, as the value of the . parameter (the ratio of flapping velocity to the forward speed) decreases, so do the unsteady aerodynamic effects. Therefore, slow forward flight is best understood with vortex theory, whereas fast flight ma
VERT
发表于 2025-3-26 17:35:03
Scaling, different mechanical, physiological and ecological constraints change in importance with size and wing morphology. Allometry can also be used to obtain a general norm for a morphological or physiological variable for a group of animals allowing the identification of deviations from the norm that ma