handle
发表于 2025-3-26 22:26:59
The Frontier and Cultural Changer to warn the reader that some aspects of these problems have aroused heated controversy. Perhaps the first and most important pitfall to avoid is that of exaggerating the impact of Islam on cultural developments in Christian Spain.
exostosis
发表于 2025-3-27 04:22:46
The Politics of Maritime Enterprise and the Formulation of Absolutism certain fundamental aspects — the decisive lead in maritime enterprise established by the Iberian powers, and the formulation of the most advanced version of absolutism to be found in the whole of later medieval Europe.
危险
发表于 2025-3-27 08:51:56
Institutional Changes and Experimentsuently followed Columbus — the viceroys, . and officials of the . and . were likewise armed with medieval titles and institutions. Naturally, the new frontier would change the nature of the institutions inherited from the later middle ages, but the number of these which survived into modern Spain an
沙文主义
发表于 2025-3-27 11:47:44
Angus MacKaybook is recommended as a professional reference work for all doctors and trainees in the field of ophthalmology who are interested in neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatments..978-4-431-56192-7978-4-431-54965-9
gnarled
发表于 2025-3-27 15:32:07
Introductioned out at the end of the last century, no sooner had fragmented Spain achieved some measure of unity after the struggles against Islam, than she emerged to dominate the European stage and administer a vast Empire. Spain moved ‘from Frontier to Empire’ — from, so to speak, ‘minus’ to ‘plus’.
使痛苦
发表于 2025-3-27 19:20:17
The Problems and Opportunities of Reconquest, ,. 1200–1350calibre as that of St Louis and was not officially recognised until 1671, but his firmness of purpose and his practical achievements made him a greater and more successful ruler than the French king. The . tells us how St Ferdinand dedicated himself to his kingly and religious duties, among which the reconquest was of the greatest importance:
dainty
发表于 2025-3-27 23:26:26
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咽下
发表于 2025-3-28 05:46:29
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大火
发表于 2025-3-28 07:14:29
Economic Problems and Social Unrestly quickly from the crisis. In the Crown of Aragon, on the other hand, although Valencia enjoyed a period of economic prosperity in the fifteenth century, the heart of the federation, Catalonia, faltered and declined.
消灭
发表于 2025-3-28 11:32:48
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