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Mini-Laparoscopic Systems open surgery to laparoscopy was the initial and most dramatic step in this progression. Mini-laparoscopy, whereby the size of each laparoscopic instrument was decreased to the limits of useful instrumentation, was thought to be the next natural evolution in accomplishing this goal. By developing th

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Scar-Less Surgery; NOTES, Transumbilica Abhay Rane,Jeffrey A. Cadeddu,Inderbir S. Gill Book 2013 Springer-Verlag London 2013 Gastroenterolo