NAV
发表于 2025-4-1 05:11:21
,Electron Beam—Specimen Interactions: Interaction Volume,m that reaches the specimen surface: energy (typically selected in the range 0.1–30 keV), diameter (0.5 nm to 1 μm or larger), beam current (1 pA to 1 μA), and convergence angle (semi-cone angle 0.001–0.05 rad). In a conventional high vacuum SEM (typically with the column and specimen chamber pressu
SPURN
发表于 2025-4-1 08:11:31
http://reply.papertrans.cn/87/8612/861149/861149_62.png
Expressly
发表于 2025-4-1 11:23:10
Secondary Electrons,r covalently bonded materials) or conduction band electrons (in the case of metals), which have binding energies of ~ 1–15 eV to the parent atom(s). Secondary electrons are quantified by the parameter ., which is the ratio of secondary electrons . from the specimen, ., to the number of incident beam
假
发表于 2025-4-1 16:41:22
X-Rays, each atom species. The critical condition for generating characteristic X-rays is that the energy of the beam electron must exceed the electron binding energy, the critical ionization energy .., for the particular atom species and the K-, L-, M-, and/or N- atomic shell(s). For efficient excitation,
emulsify
发表于 2025-4-1 20:00:40
http://reply.papertrans.cn/87/8612/861149/861149_65.png
烧烤
发表于 2025-4-1 23:21:19
http://reply.papertrans.cn/87/8612/861149/861149_66.png