overshadow
发表于 2025-3-26 21:50:03
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大沟
发表于 2025-3-27 01:20:07
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BLAND
发表于 2025-3-27 07:12:00
Response 4-tensors, the disturbance at earlier times, .′ < ., and other positions, .′ ≠ .. In describing such a response it is appropriate to Fourier transform so that both the disturbance and the response are regarded as functions of frequency, ., and wavevector, .. A variety of quantities may be chosen to describe t
少量
发表于 2025-3-27 10:40:27
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暴发户
发表于 2025-3-27 17:41:51
Particle and wave subsystems,edium. The reinterpretation of a collection of individual particles and the electromagnetic field as a collective medium requires a formal rearrangement of the ‘bare’ particles and electromagnetic field into a background system of ‘dressed’ particles, sometimes called quasiparticles, and a ‘self-con
长处
发表于 2025-3-27 17:52:36
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defuse
发表于 2025-3-27 22:44:33
Classical plasmadynamics,vewave interactions in plasmas. A single-particle approach is usually used in treating spontaneous emission, and absorption may be treated either using a collective-medium approach, with dissipation included in the anithermitian part of the response tensor, or by relating absorption to emission. The
compose
发表于 2025-3-28 03:41:03
Quantum field theory,e fields. In the absence of any interactions, the fields are defined by their Lagrangian, and each field satisfies appropriate field equations that follow from the Euler-Lagrange equations applied to the Lagrangian. Interactions are determined by interaction Lagrangians, that involve two or more fie
磨碎
发表于 2025-3-28 09:32:18
QPD processes,g Feynman diagrams, writing down the amplitudes for these diagrams and identifying the transition probabilities for specific processes. Emphasis is also placed on examples where plasma effects play a role, such that the QPD theory differs significantly from QED in vacuo. For example, this distinctio
Memorial
发表于 2025-3-28 12:56:39
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