重叠
发表于 2025-3-25 06:58:18
Probability via Expectation978-1-4612-2892-9Series ISSN 1431-875X Series E-ISSN 2197-4136
Allodynia
发表于 2025-3-25 07:48:25
Continuous Random Variables and Their Transformations,hat there were at most countably many realizations. However, we were increasingly led to consider r.v.s . on more general sample spaces, and it became evident in Section 7.5 that we need to be able to calculate the distribution of functions of . in terms of the distribution of ..
宫殿般
发表于 2025-3-25 14:24:10
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Cholesterol
发表于 2025-3-25 17:01:10
Some Basic Models,With the concepts of expectation and probability established, it is time to discuss a number of basic models. These are of interest both in themselves and because they indicate the way forward.
AMBI
发表于 2025-3-25 22:02:38
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大范围流行
发表于 2025-3-26 04:03:45
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公共汽车
发表于 2025-3-26 04:54:15
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清洗
发表于 2025-3-26 09:30:21
Consistency and Extension: the Finite-Dimensional Case,We return to our starting point: Axioms 1–5 for the expectation operator set out in Section 2.2. Consider a random vector . with components . ., . . . , .. The fundamental . problem is: What values of .(.) are consistent with the axioms?
公式
发表于 2025-3-26 16:12:51
Martingales,There is a particular structure whose seemingly weak defining property is so significant that the structure pervades the theory of probability and leads to powerful conclusions. This is the ., already encountered in Sections 9.7, 10.7 and 11.7.
mercenary
发表于 2025-3-26 19:08:57
Uncertainty, Intuition and Expectation,regarded as ‘equally likely’. However, this approach fails in the less tangible problems of physical, economic and human life which we should like to consider, and of which we shall give a few examples below.