缩短 发表于 2025-3-26 21:45:13
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macy have been traced back to the Islamic tradition and Byzantine Inner Asian heritage. The Ottomans regarded diplomacy as an institution of the modern international system. They established resident ambassadors and the basic institutions and structure of diplomacy. The book concludes with a review使成整体 发表于 2025-3-27 11:59:57
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Diplomatic Integration with Europe before Selim III,ultural toleration was a hallmark of the Empire. Furthermore, while communications between the Levant and Europe were generally slow and sometimes insecure they were by no means impossible.. These were the key circumstances that provided both incentives and opportunity for the integration of the Ottoman Empire into the diplomatic system of Europe.indemnify 发表于 2025-3-28 03:31:18
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/71/7051/705022/705022_39.pngdefile 发表于 2025-3-28 12:42:44
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