小官
发表于 2025-3-25 07:21:03
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Jargon
发表于 2025-3-25 10:20:35
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JOG
发表于 2025-3-25 13:05:46
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无政府主义者
发表于 2025-3-25 18:44:19
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Rejuvenate
发表于 2025-3-25 22:26:46
Negative Voting: A Brief Literature Review, has been originally conceptualized in rational choice terms, under the framework of retrospective/economic voting, or in connection to long-lasting political identities, we propose to specify and test an additional dimension stemming from the most recent literature on affective polarization.
儿童
发表于 2025-3-26 02:08:38
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减去
发表于 2025-3-26 06:02:51
,The Negative Voting Dataset: 2020–2022,between 2020 and 2022, we retrieve data on negative voting covering presidential, semi-presidential, Westminster parliamentary and proportional parliamentary systems. Our results show that negative voting is present across all elections, but with significant variation across the different countries.
扩张
发表于 2025-3-26 10:27:06
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anaphylaxis
发表于 2025-3-26 16:22:20
Partisanship, Ideology, and Negative Voting, of negative voters in each country is to be found among independents and leaners. The results also show that negative voters are less aligned ideologically with the party they voted for than positive voters. In other words, much like observed with partisanship, feelings of ideological closeness to
Diverticulitis
发表于 2025-3-26 16:49:47
Media Usage and Negative Voting, analyzed. The results suggest that consumers of political information on newspapers and television generally tend to vote for, rather than against. Contrary to our original expectation, negative voters do not seem to be avid political news’ consumers whose attitudes are largely contaminated by the