Water-Brash
发表于 2025-4-1 04:47:30
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altruism
发表于 2025-4-1 06:28:05
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言行自由
发表于 2025-4-1 11:36:56
D. C. S. Roberts,K. A. Zitonal principle. From this viewpoint, the general multiplier method is shown to constitute a modern form of Noether’s theorem in which the variational principle is not directly used. When a PDE (system) is non-variational, multipliers are shown to be an adjoint counterpart to infinitesimal symmetries,
Inordinate
发表于 2025-4-1 18:24:42
Jonathan L. Katz,Steven R. Goldberghabitat sizes”, QSDs are shown to concentrate on the positive attractors of deterministic models. Moreover, the probability extinction decreases exponentially with habitat size. Alternatively, environmental stochasticity stems from fluctuations in environmental conditions which influence survival, g