技术
发表于 2025-3-25 04:46:08
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补助
发表于 2025-3-25 11:16:04
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充满人
发表于 2025-3-25 13:41:26
Requirements of a Social Ecologyism, and communism. The four requirements of a social ecology provide a structure from which some crucial elements of Marx’s approach can be informally introduced as an overview for the subsequent chapters.. Chapters 2 through 4 then provide a more formal synopsis of the natural and social features
LAPSE
发表于 2025-3-25 19:45:36
Nature, Labor, and Productions materialist conception of history. This chapter provides a broad outline of the natural and social elements in Marx’s historical materialism, whereas Chapters 3 and 4 present in detail Marx’s treatment of natural and human productive forces.
逗留
发表于 2025-3-25 22:05:33
The Natural Basis of Labor Productivity and Surplus Labority both transhistorically and under capitalism. Not only is labor power itself a natural force (see Chapter 4), but “material wealth, the world of use values, exclusively consists of natural materials modified by labor” (Marx, 1988, 40). “Different use-values contain very different proportions of l
无能力
发表于 2025-3-26 02:17:57
Labor and Labor Power as Natural and Social Forcesndividual and collective human labors take place and evolve in and through definite social relations. Human production is thus constituted jointly by social production relations and the material characteristics of nature itself (see Chapter 2). Marx often emphasizes the jointly material and social c
泛滥
发表于 2025-3-26 06:18:02
Nature, Labor, and Capitalist Productioneed-satisfying, activities entailing appropriation from nature. This allocation involves specific social relations in and through which each portion of society’s total work-time is integrated into a division of labor enmeshed with natural conditions.. Under capitalism, the division of labor takes th
FECT
发表于 2025-3-26 10:54:17
Capital’s “Free Appropriation” of Natural and Social Conditionsture, one finds assertions that Marx treats natural conditions as valueless, costless, and/or effectively limitless, with no real allowance for natural resource scarcity. Deléage (1994, 48), for example, posits that Marx’s labor theory of value “attributes no intrinsic value to natural resources.” S
Mitigate
发表于 2025-3-26 14:29:08
Capitalism and Nature: A Value-Form Approachined productive powers of labor and nature. This separation and combined development, with its increasingly complex and technologically advanced social division of labor, loosens the constraints placed on production by particular natural conditions. It does so, however, only by broadening and deepen
conformity
发表于 2025-3-26 20:09:38
Reconsidering Some Ecological Criticisms of Marx’s Value Analysisitics who fault Marx for not ascribing value to nature should redirect their criticisms to capitalism itself. Generally speaking, these critics fail to appreciate the historical and social-relational aspect of Marx’s theory—that value as a specifically capitalist form of wealth does not represent Ma