Localized
发表于 2025-3-21 19:03:31
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马赛克
发表于 2025-3-21 23:55:08
The Czech Republic 1990–2001. Successful reform at the municipal level and a difficult birth of the deregulation and de-etatization, and particularly the introduction of territorial self-government, was an essential task in the process of re-building the political and administrative system after 1989. Two stages of the reform process can be roughly distinguished: the first took place in the early
Accessible
发表于 2025-3-22 02:42:02
Local Government in Poland and Hungary: from post-communist reform towards EU accessionand Hungary (Cielecka and Gibson 1995; Coulson, 1995: 24); (Davey 1995: 57).. Hungary is known to have gone the furthest in both ideas and practice in this respect — a fact made possible due to a strong political consensus on the matter. It has been described as “a pioneer in local government reform
大酒杯
发表于 2025-3-22 06:17:11
Local democracy in the Baltic countries: a new beginning? One of the most important tasks in the transition period is to carry out local government reforms which have been undertaken in all three Baltic states. The main goals of the local government reforms concern the further democratization and decentralization of state power and administration, improvi
dominant
发表于 2025-3-22 08:43:41
Local Government Reform in Slovenia. From socialist self-management to local self-government exception, and the principle of local government was one of the basic principles of the new system, first recorded in the Declaration of Independence of Slovenia, and later in the Constitution of the new country. This represented the starting point and constitutional framework for Slovenia’s stateh
缩影
发表于 2025-3-22 13:51:31
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规范就好
发表于 2025-3-22 19:17:07
Towards normalisation of local democracy in East-Central Europe. A developmental approach to institutral Europe. How did the local experiments turn out? The first period of local democracy (ca 1990–94) was marked by all the challenges of the immediate post-communist environments (Coulson 1995). A large proportion of elected representatives as well as administrators were new to their jobs. The new
现存
发表于 2025-3-22 23:13:02
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漂浮
发表于 2025-3-23 05:22:25
Whose mayor? Representational roles in local politicsation became an integral part of the transformations that took place. A basic critique of the old regime concerned its undemocratic nature at all levels of government. At the local level elected bodies were created more by nominations than by competitive elections between candidates advocating diffe
有角
发表于 2025-3-23 06:09:29
How beautiful is bigger? In search of the optimal size for local democracyion of a state on sub-national levels. It is striking how the practical answer to this question varies among European countries. On the one hand we have England, the Nordic countries and Holland with relatively large municipalities. On the other hand, France is divided into almost 40 thousand very s