Constitution
发表于 2025-3-23 13:02:34
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optional
发表于 2025-3-23 15:05:28
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insidious
发表于 2025-3-23 20:09:04
Standard Transperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Clinical T1–3a, N0, and M0me an accepted alternative to traditional open radical nephrectomy (ORN) for small and medium-sized (13 cm) renal masses without evidence of renal vein or inferior vena caval involvement (i.e., T1, T2, and T3a renal tumors). Tumors that are staged T3b by evidence of renal vein or minimal inferior ve
谈判
发表于 2025-3-23 23:33:54
Role of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomarom RCC in the United States .. Presentation with advanced kidney cancer occurs in approximately one-third of patients . leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The use of systemic immunotherapy affords this patient population the best chance at survival, although various trials have demonst
Texture
发表于 2025-3-24 04:57:01
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomyaroscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) has introduced a new standard of care to the field of urology. LRN is an advanced procedure requiring training in laparoscopic techniques. An intraabdominal hand gives improved tactile feedback to the urologist, thereby making LRN less daunting. Hand-assisted lapa
个人长篇演说
发表于 2025-3-24 07:29:36
Laparoscopic Management of the Complex Renal Cystcysts are benign simple cysts and require no surgical intervention when asymptomatic. However, a minority of renal cysts can result in pain, hematuria, obstruction to renal drainage, infection, hypertension, and even compression of other intra-abdominal structures that necessitate radiologic or oper
MODE
发表于 2025-3-24 10:54:46
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy invasive surgery. Clayman et al. accomplished the first laparoscopic nephrectomy in 1990 . and since then a number of investigators have reported their experience with laparoscopic nephrectomy using a variety of different approaches .. The other advancement was the acceptance of nephron-sparing sur
商业上
发表于 2025-3-24 15:07:16
Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Renal Tumor Ablationh the advancement of nephron-sparing surgical techniques, has focused attention toward the development of minimally invasive technologies for the treatment of small renal tumors. Open nephronsparing surgery (NSS) has proven efficacy among patients with tumors less than 4 cm in diameter, despite norm
权宜之计
发表于 2025-3-24 20:06:20
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斗争
发表于 2025-3-25 01:28:40
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