dialect
发表于 2025-3-25 04:40:23
http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4755/475486/475486_21.png
Oration
发表于 2025-3-25 11:19:19
http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4755/475486/475486_22.png
finite
发表于 2025-3-25 12:32:04
978-3-030-07503-3The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018
并置
发表于 2025-3-25 16:33:51
Definition, Amount, and Coveragetion in order to highlight the complexity of the phenomenon. It then discusses the amount of corruption at the macroeconomic level and in specific activities. The subsequent section of the chapter presents the extent of the phenomenon in selected sectors. In addition to examining certain key activit
Commentary
发表于 2025-3-25 22:41:15
http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4755/475486/475486_25.png
过份好问
发表于 2025-3-26 00:58:43
http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4755/475486/475486_26.png
瘙痒
发表于 2025-3-26 04:25:39
Consequences or negative nature of these effects is controversial, at least among economists. Some authors argue that corruption may be beneficial, “greasing-the-wheels” when bureaucracy is inefficient or regulation is too burdensome. Other authors argue that while corruption can grease the wheels at the microe
SOBER
发表于 2025-3-26 10:02:17
http://reply.papertrans.cn/48/4755/475486/475486_28.png
羞辱
发表于 2025-3-26 14:44:45
Electoral Rulessan reasons. In addition, election campaigns require funding, which makes political parties and candidates vulnerable to pressure from contributors. Finally, institutions in charge of enforcing government accountability are often appointed or funded by the government itself, which hampers their capa
飞来飞去真休
发表于 2025-3-26 19:36:38
Decentralizationempirical validity. Decentralization implies the transfer of some components of central government responsibilities to local or regional public bodies. It can be political, fiscal, or administrative. The most important channels through which decentralization can affect corruption are accountability,