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ronmental change. This chapter seeks to contribute to these efforts by providing a multifaceted framework for analyzing environmental problems. The framework situates environmental problems in the context of four dynamic and interactive forms of disequilibria evident in the international system: betEndearing 发表于 2025-3-24 04:42:01
The Ecophysiology of Osmoregulation in Crustacea,n ocean to land - locked, transitory freshwater pools. A wide diversity of crustacean taxa have colonised estuaries, brackish and hypersaline lagoons and seas. Within many of these ecosystems they show significant adaptive radiation, particularly in the more geologically stable and large brackishwatDissonance 发表于 2025-3-24 10:12:44
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Ion and Water Balance in Elasmobranch Fish,ous compound urea, the toxic effects of which are counterbalanced by the presence of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Although plasma sodium (Na) and chloride (CI) concentrations are generally higher than those found in marine teleosts they are nevertheless lower than that of seawater (SW) and the fishtriptans 发表于 2025-3-25 01:51:02
Gill Chloride Cells Activation by Plasma Osmolarity,930). The interest in the specific cellular epithelium performing secretion started in the early 1930’s when this function of the gill was tested in eels by perfusing a salt solution through the circulation and measuring the salt concentration in a closed circuit bath where the fish were placed (Key