fender 发表于 2025-3-25 04:26:01

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Ossification 发表于 2025-3-25 09:36:53

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刚开始 发表于 2025-3-25 13:54:58

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Annotate 发表于 2025-3-25 18:49:48

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整顿 发表于 2025-3-25 23:38:24

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epidermis 发表于 2025-3-26 01:13:02

The Free Calculus and the Elementary Ideals,tudy the necessary algebraic machinery for defining these invariants. Specialization to presentations of knot groups in Chapter VIII then leads naturally to the knot polynomials. With these invariants we can easily distinguish many knot types.

Glaci冰 发表于 2025-3-26 05:00:32

Calculation of Fundamental Groups,the fundamental group as formed from the set of classes of equivalent loops based at a point, it is geometrically apparent that the spaces shown in Figure 14 below have the same, or isomorphic, fundamental groups.

合并 发表于 2025-3-26 11:36:07

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小平面 发表于 2025-3-26 13:54:36

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象形文字 发表于 2025-3-26 19:51:30

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Introduction to Knot Theory; Richard H. Crowell,Ralph H. Fox Textbook 1963 R. H. Crowell and C. Fox 1963 Knot theory.Manifold.Topology.alg