grotto
发表于 2025-3-25 07:06:58
Toshi H. Arimuraospheric CO. concentration is predicted to virtually occur and as a result, more CO. is absorbed by surface waters, decreasing seawater pH and carbonate saturation. Sea surface temperatures are also essentially certain to rise significantly, although less than the global mean temperature rise. Globa
遗留之物
发表于 2025-3-25 08:25:55
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EPT
发表于 2025-3-25 15:38:58
Environmental Problems: A Market Failured by economists as negative externalities and market failures. To solve environmental problems, economic activity, which is intrinsically linked with nature and natural resources, needs to be controlled in such a way to achieve a social optimum where social welfare is maximized. A Pigouvian tax that
丰满中国
发表于 2025-3-25 19:22:06
Choice of Policy Instruments: Tax, Regulation or Subsidyferable to regulations. When the government implements a regulatory instrument and assigns an optimal production volume to each firm in a way to minimize the sum of variable costs of the market, it may misallocate the volume due to limited data available for policymaking and thus, the total variable
PRE
发表于 2025-3-25 21:06:39
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NAVEN
发表于 2025-3-26 02:25:51
Uncertainty and Policy Choice: Carbon Tax or Emissions Trading Schemeon about the demand curve, supply curve, and marginal external cost curve. In reality, however, governments do not have perfect information and therefore can mistakenly determine the optimal level of production, emissions, or an environmental tax, resulting in a decrease in social surplus. In this c
HAIRY
发表于 2025-3-26 06:28:42
Waste Management: Optimal Disposal Fee and Intergenerational Use of the Landfillot unlimited and the construction of new sites is often difficult due to the “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) syndrome and various constraints, an overabundance of waste produced by the current generation causes a shortage of landfills for future generations. In this chapter, we consider the optimal int
morale
发表于 2025-3-26 09:32:23
Precaution Against Environmental Accidents and Liability Rules for Damagesaccidents. In this chapter, we explain how liability rules for damages give firms incentives to adopt precautionary measures. We also discuss how the socially optimal level of measures against accidents should be set and what is the optimal liability rule.
一个姐姐
发表于 2025-3-26 13:53:03
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DRILL
发表于 2025-3-26 18:07:14
Air Pollution in Japan and the World and suspended particulate matter (SPM). The chapter also discusses Japanese air pollution policy measures, including sulfur charges and vehicle type regulations, from an economic perspective. The discussion then moves to air pollution in the world. Household air pollution in developing economies an