尽管
发表于 2025-3-28 16:17:20
http://reply.papertrans.cn/47/4689/468844/468844_41.png
Commonwealth
发表于 2025-3-28 22:20:39
Integration of Ecosystem Theories: A Pattern978-94-010-0381-0Series ISSN 0929-0281
玷污
发表于 2025-3-29 02:34:11
Network and Hierarchical Concepts of Ecosystems,ms, and more than energy, mass flows, trophic webs and interacting populations. Ecosystems should be conceived as the full interactive network among co-existing living organisms and their non-biological physical-chemical environment (Higashi and Burns 1991).
带伤害
发表于 2025-3-29 04:39:07
Epilogue,, because they all contribute to a better understanding of the system properties. They are only in opposition to each other on a few points and form a pattern that can hopefully serve as a common framework (or maybe as a conceptual diagram) for the further development of ecosystem theory
混沌
发表于 2025-3-29 08:01:07
http://reply.papertrans.cn/47/4689/468844/468844_45.png
同来核对
发表于 2025-3-29 15:23:34
0929-0281 at the integrated ecosystem theory presented can be applied to explain various ecological observations and rules. .Audience: Researchers and decision makers whose work involves the study of ecosystems and ecology. This book is also recommended for use in graduate courses.978-1-4020-0755-2978-94-010-0381-0Series ISSN 0929-0281
放肆的我
发表于 2025-3-29 17:45:34
Models in Ecology,e obtain a more comprehensive overall picture of the ecosystem, because we can, as discussed in Chapters 1 and 2, only cover our observations completely by the use of a pluralistic view. Modelling is a very useful tool in our effort to achieve the best possible such view.
locus-ceruleus
发表于 2025-3-29 21:46:10
http://reply.papertrans.cn/47/4689/468844/468844_48.png
Acetabulum
发表于 2025-3-30 01:35:59
Utility Theory, Indirect Effect and Ascendancy, entire system. This example demonstrates that the components are influencing each other far more than just by the direct link between two adjacent components. Any change in the system will propagate to all components of the network and the network gives information about the pathways that propagation will follow.
Affluence
发表于 2025-3-30 05:47:23
Chaos, Fractals and Ecology,elativity has eliminated the Newtonian illusion of absolute space and time, while quantum theory has eliminated the Newtonian dream of controllable measurements. Chaos theory has eliminated the Laplacian illusion of deterministic predictability and can therefore be conceived as a ticking timebomb under reductionistic science.