FLASK
发表于 2025-3-23 12:25:26
978-981-10-9529-0The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017
Nibble
发表于 2025-3-23 16:12:41
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2110-7Informal Payments in transition economy healthcare; Chinese Healthcare system; healthcare reform in Ch
朦胧
发表于 2025-3-23 20:12:46
Introduction,acts of the practice on health financing and reform and on patient’s medical behaviors. It then evaluates the definitions of informal payments given by international scholars, and those of red packets by the Chinese government and scholars, and proposes a definition of the red packet that is followed in this book.
cunning
发表于 2025-3-24 01:47:16
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小隔间
发表于 2025-3-24 02:33:18
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革新
发表于 2025-3-24 07:53:14
Institutional Changes and the Power of Chinese Medical Professionals,ower in their relationships with the state and could control its work and economic terms. During the pre-reform era between 1949 and 1978, the profession quickly lost its autonomy and organizational power and was nationalized and bureaucratized. Bureaucratic medicine, which featured impersonalism to
口诀
发表于 2025-3-24 13:08:55
Health Reform and the Rise of Informal Payments After 1978,tain their cadre status and are continuously bureaucratized. They are denied associational autonomy and organizational power and have little control over their work and economic terms. Bureaucratic medicine lingers on throughout the period despite the Party-state’s mounting efforts advocating univer
胆大
发表于 2025-3-24 18:06:13
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一起平行
发表于 2025-3-24 21:14:25
Rein in Red Packets, market approach. The disciplinary approach relies predominantly on long-established institutions and involves many CCP and governmental organs at every administrative level to investigate and discipline doctors’ behaviors in hospitals. But due to poor institutional design and conflict of interests,
CHANT
发表于 2025-3-25 01:18:26
Conclusion,rting both professional authority and bureaucratic power while is denied organizational power to bargain with the Party-state. But red packets did not emerge as a mere response to the absence of “exit” and lack of “voice” as the “inxit” theory would predict. Bureaucratic medicine and society of acqu