GERM 发表于 2025-3-21 19:12:11
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Adaptationn can be defined as a novel character appearing in an organism and maintained by natural selection. This concept must therefore be studied at two different levels, within a phylogenetic analysis for inferring relative novelty and within a populational analysis to assess the role of natural selectionAntarctic 发表于 2025-3-22 12:19:52
Functionmajor philosophical theories have been discussed: the “etiological” and the “systemic” or “causal role” theory of function. The most popular version of the etiological theory states that “The function of a trait is the effect for which that trait was selected” (Neander). The causal role theory consiCamouflage 发表于 2025-3-22 15:24:46
Characterences in features exist among the taxa being compared. There are many ways to code different manifestations of the same thing. The central questions of character analysis are “what is a character?”, “what is a character state?” “how do we delimite characters and characters states?”. After characters最有利 发表于 2025-3-22 19:37:01
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