architect 发表于 2025-3-21 18:42:35
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Klassische Kooperationstheorienttributes usually restricts its scale of operation to arrangements of streets, buildings, and landscapes. In one sense, urban design represents the heartland of city planning from whence the activity sprung in the late nineteenth century as civic or town design in a social context, but since the 195微不足道 发表于 2025-3-22 05:00:50
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-04661-5dly. The generic systems that have been developed include Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems, Facility Management (FM) systems, Automated Mapping (AM) systems, Desktop Mapping (DM) systems, Land Information Systems (LIS), Remote Sensing (RS) systems, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Spat和谐 发表于 2025-3-22 10:45:13
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-0602-1h have been created in recent times. Product life cycles continue to get shorter, as exemplified by the continuous updates of software, and potential fields of application continue to widen. The technology is no longer envisaged as just an essential component of the gross national product or as a co甜食 发表于 2025-3-22 15:12:40
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-02230-5of infrastructure planning in the age of sustainability, creating demands for spatial plans to balance economic, environmental and social interests. Aside from the complexity of demands on planners, tighter economic constraints have required better data management capabilities to update, retrieve, sCrumple 发表于 2025-3-23 00:25:39
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-00154-6the general economic decline in the country over the last several years, the technological backwardness of the managerial infrastructure at local level, and the incompatibility of the ‘Soviet’ mentality of a large group of political and managerial elite to the new tasks of the transition period. The手榴弹 发表于 2025-3-23 03:53:58
,Einleitung, Überblick und Grundlagen, information in France. An analysis of the French professional GIS market was also undertaken by the CNIG, and an extension of the survey to the major European countries was completed by Coopers & Lybrand. An evaluation of the impact of data diffusion policies on the market was undertaken by Arthurosteopath 发表于 2025-3-23 06:44:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-33117-0ns used for scientific research, business and planning illustrates the usefulness of this technology to study characteristics of geographical distributions. However, real world entities are located and are evolving in both space and time. Users are thus quite often unsatisfied with the traditional s