GEM
发表于 2025-3-25 04:35:58
Book 2020tation of women in legislatures. Using a most similar case design and a mixed-methods approach, the authors draw attention to the ways in which electoral systems and party regulations interface with voluntary party quotas in Germany and Austria. All quota parties in these countries support the goal
Hemiparesis
发表于 2025-3-25 09:34:41
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137337511factors are powerful quota inhibitors, the authors claim that they do not fully account for the observed failure my major parties to implement their quotas. Moreover, as these factors play a similar role in both Germany and Austria, they do not account for variation among the two cases.
Mets552
发表于 2025-3-25 12:33:00
Black Society in Eighteenth-Century Britainheir voluntary party quotas than the German Land-level parties. Land-level electoral systems and how they intersect with party quota policies result in different outcomes, with a smoother fit between electoral law and quotas in the Austrian context.
鬼魂
发表于 2025-3-25 18:28:00
Nico Slate (assistant professor of history)s of how to increase the compatibility of quotas and electoral choice, it illustrates how initiatives around ‘parity laws’ gained momentum. We conclude by emphasizing that incremental changes to voluntary party quotas from within parties are unlikely to be sufficient to reach gender parity in representation.
抛弃的货物
发表于 2025-3-25 23:17:48
The Post-Quota Gender Gap: Standard Explanations,factors are powerful quota inhibitors, the authors claim that they do not fully account for the observed failure my major parties to implement their quotas. Moreover, as these factors play a similar role in both Germany and Austria, they do not account for variation among the two cases.
configuration
发表于 2025-3-26 01:35:24
Institutional Quota Roadblocks on the Land Level,heir voluntary party quotas than the German Land-level parties. Land-level electoral systems and how they intersect with party quota policies result in different outcomes, with a smoother fit between electoral law and quotas in the Austrian context.
金桌活画面
发表于 2025-3-26 05:22:54
Conclusion: The Long Road to Parity in Politics,s of how to increase the compatibility of quotas and electoral choice, it illustrates how initiatives around ‘parity laws’ gained momentum. We conclude by emphasizing that incremental changes to voluntary party quotas from within parties are unlikely to be sufficient to reach gender parity in representation.
RODE
发表于 2025-3-26 11:44:02
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74126-0commitment to their stated goals, we introduce the .-. and define it as the difference between a party’s adopted quota and the actual share of women in legislative bodies on the national and subnational level.
nonplus
发表于 2025-3-26 14:17:58
http://reply.papertrans.cn/39/3816/381522/381522_29.png
synchronous
发表于 2025-3-26 17:55:53
Jerry Watson,Gregory Washington from national and Land levels and present central gender equality debates within the major ‘quota’ parties (Social Democrats, Greens, and Conservatives) that shaped introduction and enforcement of gender quotas since the 1980s.