蔓藤图饰
发表于 2025-3-25 07:00:55
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02171-8ulation of the anticipated cost to the contractor of completing the work, and second, the setting of a price which the contractor will then quote to the client, usually in competition with others. The process of converting the contractor’s estimate into a tender bid is called .. Adjudication is a ma
间接
发表于 2025-3-25 07:37:47
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3949-6s the risks of the construction market-place, the decisions the contractor must take when tendering in competition, and the techniques available to contractors in the assessment of their mark-up in formulating their bid price.
enormous
发表于 2025-3-25 12:34:23
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8923-9o stem from the early 19th century, and basically arose out of dissatisfaction with the existing systems of measure and value, where tradesmen were paid directly by the client for work as it proceeded. Powell, quoting Elsam (1826), writes that:
FILTH
发表于 2025-3-25 19:34:44
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窒息
发表于 2025-3-25 22:55:56
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招募
发表于 2025-3-26 02:29:14
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fiscal
发表于 2025-3-26 05:00:54
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抱怨
发表于 2025-3-26 11:32:25
Cross-Language Information Retrievaland greater degree of specialisation. It is therefore highly unlikely that any one main contractor will have either the necessary skills or the necessary resources to do all of the work on a project itself, and it is common for sections of the work to be sublet to other specialists.
Instantaneous
发表于 2025-3-26 13:20:38
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直觉没有
发表于 2025-3-26 20:45:26
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3949-6s the risks of the construction market-place, the decisions the contractor must take when tendering in competition, and the techniques available to contractors in the assessment of their mark-up in formulating their bid price.