Obloquy
发表于 2025-3-28 15:02:05
Confounding,l pathway of association. Strategies to control for confounding include restriction, stratification plus adjustment, matching, and regression. The presence of confounding is suspected when the size of the association of interest changes meaningfully after adjustment by one of these methods.
Silent-Ischemia
发表于 2025-3-28 19:08:54
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exquisite
发表于 2025-3-29 00:06:58
Hypothesis Tests in Practice,nce in the population (type I error) or declare a result to be nonsignificant when in fact there is an actual difference in the population (type II error). Study power, which is the probability of not making a type II error, is influenced by sample size, effect size, variation, and the threshold value for declaring significance.
玩笑
发表于 2025-3-29 06:18:18
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engrave
发表于 2025-3-29 09:03:32
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Constrain
发表于 2025-3-29 12:12:59
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发怨言
发表于 2025-3-29 16:58:14
Case-Control Studies,ssociations with previous exposures. Due to the manner in which participants are selected for these studies, case-control data alone cannot be used to directly calculate the incidence of disease or incidence-based measures of risk. However, it is possible to estimate relative risk from case-control study data using the odds ratio.
可以任性
发表于 2025-3-29 23:23:20
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凹室
发表于 2025-3-30 00:49:10
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padding
发表于 2025-3-30 05:19:31
Log-Link and Logistic Regression,predictor variable. For binary outcomes, the logistic regression model relates the log odds of the outcome with one or more predictor variables. The antilog of each coefficient in a logistic regression model describes the odds ratio of the outcome variable associated with a one-unit difference in the predictor variable.