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发表于 2025-3-21 22:26:47
the diffraction limitation of processes using optical photons and the technological difficulties connected with x-ray processes, charged particle beams are becoming popular. With them it is possible to write directly on a wafer under computer control, without using a mask. Focused ion beams offer especially g978-1-4612-8247-1978-1-4613-0923-9
OASIS
发表于 2025-3-22 02:05:00
Introductory Survey,chnologies are the well-known classical applications. Electron and ion microprobes, energy analyzers, electron spectrometers, and ion implanters are among the more recent practical results of the development of this rapidly growing field. Analytical chemistry and surface science could hardly exist w
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发表于 2025-3-22 06:26:16
The Theory of Aberrations,e analyzed the operation of the long magnetic lens. We established the fact that a clear image can only be produced if the particles move close to the field lines. Otherwise, different particles will be focused at different points and the image will be blurred.
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发表于 2025-3-22 09:01:13
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发表于 2025-3-22 16:35:47
,,Versuch Über die Pubertät‘ — Im Zentrum,e analyzed the operation of the long magnetic lens. We established the fact that a clear image can only be produced if the particles move close to the field lines. Otherwise, different particles will be focused at different points and the image will be blurred.
outskirts
发表于 2025-3-22 19:40:05
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发表于 2025-3-22 23:38:43
An Iron Army for International Marketing,name expresses the close analogy between the transmission of light through refractive media and the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic fields. It is a huge field with a relatively short history. Although the analogy between classical mechanics and geometrical optics was discovered by Ham
Adherent
发表于 2025-3-23 01:54:15
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2390-0 particle is defined by Eq. (1-14) and we also know that the force in general is defined by the Newtonian law of motion. where . = . is the particle’s momentum and.is the relativistic mass of the particle (m0 is its rest mass). Substituting the Lorentz force (1-14) and Eqs. (1-11) and (1-12) into Eq
Indolent
发表于 2025-3-23 07:59:32
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