Curmudgeon 发表于 2025-3-25 06:53:03

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transplantation 发表于 2025-3-25 09:04:37

Set Theory. Relations. Functions,Let . be a relation from . to . and . a relation from . to .. Then we define the . . ○ . of . and . as the set of all (., .) in . × . such that there is an element . in . with . and .. . ○ . is a relation from . to ..

maintenance 发表于 2025-3-25 12:15:31

Equations. Functions of one variable. Complex numbers,Let . be the number of changes of sign in the sequence of coefficients ., ., … , ., . in (2.8). The number of positive real roots of .(.) = 0, counting the multiplicities of the roots, is . or . minus a positive even number. If . = 1, the equation has exactly one positive real root.

Permanent 发表于 2025-3-25 17:34:10

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Boycott 发表于 2025-3-25 21:01:20

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Vasoconstrictor 发表于 2025-3-26 03:55:07

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CREEK 发表于 2025-3-26 06:13:05

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flammable 发表于 2025-3-26 11:59:19

Inequalities,If . is convex on the interval . and . is a random variable with finite expectation, then .(.[.]) ≤ .[.(.)] If . is strictly convex, the inequality is strict unless . is a constant with probability 1.

NAUT 发表于 2025-3-26 13:54:01

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收养 发表于 2025-3-26 16:54:43

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Economists‘ Mathematical Manual; Knut Sydsæter,Arne Strøm,Peter Berck Textbook 2005Latest edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 S