NATTY
发表于 2025-3-27 00:52:55
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清楚
发表于 2025-3-27 03:02:20
Creating a Single European Infrastructure,rastructure in generating economic growth in the Community was highlighted already in 1979, in a Commission memorandum setting out the role of the Community in developing transport infrastructure. However, the trans-European transport network (TEN-T) was only adopted as a Community competence in the Maastricht Treaty.
ANTH
发表于 2025-3-27 05:33:15
Modal Shift to Environmentally Friendly Rail,es by shifting the modal balance from road and air traffic to railways and inland waterways. This policy objective requires a successful rail market opening. Thus, the EU railway policy plays an important role in both the common transport policy and in achieving the EU’s overall environmental goals.
凶猛
发表于 2025-3-27 09:30:33
2662-5873 ed to the supranational level via the EU commission. This book explores why the EU Commission has been so slow in creating an EU railway policy, pointing the finger at strong resistance by national governments978-1-349-44571-4978-1-137-27449-6Series ISSN 2662-5873 Series E-ISSN 2662-5881
Certainty
发表于 2025-3-27 15:06:44
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acheon
发表于 2025-3-27 17:48:52
Diverging National Railway Policies,th century developments of the modern state and industrialisation are closed bound up with national infrastructure building (Ross 1998). Especially railway building has historically been important for facilitating industrialisation by enabling more mobility of both goods and persons (Wolmar 2007). I
pulmonary
发表于 2025-3-27 22:19:46
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Vasoconstrictor
发表于 2025-3-28 03:35:11
,Towards Market Opening 1992–2007,e and facilitate the expected increase in intra-EU trade. Although the member states had adopted Directive 91/440 and individually had started to reform their national railways, they were not prepared to accept full market opening despite several attempts by the Commission throughout the 1990s. The
荨麻
发表于 2025-3-28 06:17:21
,Towards a Competitive Railway Sector 2007–2012,ith a transparent governance framework and non-discriminatory rules. Nevertheless by 2008 several member states had not transposed the first railway package, and it was increasingly becoming a problem for the new entrants trying to access the markets as incumbent companies continued to be dominant a
Atheroma
发表于 2025-3-28 12:06:01
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