Nausea
发表于 2025-3-26 21:26:12
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tolerance
发表于 2025-3-27 01:43:52
Pharmacotherapy of Addictionbut not for stimulants or cannabis addictions. The focus of this chapter is on the medications to treat illicit substances, mainly heroin, stimulants, and cannabis. Currently, psychotherapy is still the primary mode of treatment for stimulants and cannabis addiction; however, relapse rates remain hi
的是兄弟
发表于 2025-3-27 06:32:24
Alcoholdisorders (AUDs; alcohol abuse and dependence) are described. The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the human peripheral and central nervous system are outlined. Unintentional and intentional injuries due to alcohol use are a considerable part of the disease burden of alcohol use, and comprise
继承人
发表于 2025-3-27 10:15:54
Nicotineg) is the primary psychoactive constituent in tobacco. When inhaled, nicotine reaches the brain within 7–10 s, with peak blood levels occurring within a few minutes. In the USA, the prevalence of smoking among adults is just under 20%, although over half of all ever-smokers have now quit. Nicotine d
过渡时期
发表于 2025-3-27 13:43:56
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right-atrium
发表于 2025-3-27 17:46:24
Cocaineme. Also, in the USA cocaine is one of the most prevalent illicit drugs, with an annual prevalence of seven million people. Cocaine is a well-known addictive stimulant drug and scientific literature concerning its various pharmacological properties dates back to the nineteenth century. This chapter
Traumatic-Grief
发表于 2025-3-28 01:25:58
MDMA and LSD 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamne is an indirect monoaminergic agonist, leading to increased levels of synaptic serotonin, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters. It also stimulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing the release of many neurohormones. Recreational MDMA users at
inspiration
发表于 2025-3-28 03:44:25
Inhalants Abuse: Status of Etiology and Interventionre widely available, legal, inexpensive, and easily obtained. Moreover, relatively few parents, retailers, school personnel, law enforcement professionals, or human services workers are vigilant about inhalant use or inhalant-related health and social problems. Numerous medical, cognitive, emotional
FECK
发表于 2025-3-28 08:33:43
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含糊其辞
发表于 2025-3-28 11:02:06
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