Atmosphere 发表于 2025-3-26 20:59:15
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Development and Underdevelopmentat organisms perform. . means generation anew. In this general sense, regeneration occurs at all levels of life, including the level of macromolecules. Proteins suffer irreversible alterations with time (denaturation) and must be replaced by newly synthesized ones. Without renewal, slow loss of func不持续就爆 发表于 2025-3-27 13:26:21
Development and Underdevelopmentes of growth. . is defined as increase in mass. Growth can result from more than one process. For example, enlargement of individual cells is a cause of growth. Muscle fibres grow by expanding in length and diameter. Also, the deposition of extracellular matrix material contributes to enlargement ofELATE 发表于 2025-3-27 16:53:24
Werner A. Mueller,Monika Hassel,Maura GrealyOptimal introduction for beginners and coherent overview for advanced students.Clearly demonstrates basic principles through didactically designed four-color illustrations.Offers comprehensive glossarPACK 发表于 2025-3-27 19:52:10
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The Start: Fertilization, Activation of the Egg and a First Series of Cell Divisions (Cleavage),standstill in a stage of quiescence). Life is a continuing process that started some billions of years ago below the level of multicellularity and will end with the death of the last living being. Nevertheless, each individual life that is based on sexual reproduction has two discrete boundaries: fe扩音器 发表于 2025-3-28 09:41:00
Model Organisms in Developmental Biology I: Invertebrates,h on a few reference or “model” organisms such as . or maize. Recent developmental biology has depended on a small number of organisms for much of its spectacular progress. This concentration of effort facilitates attempts to advance in the analysis of the basic processes down to the molecular level轻推 发表于 2025-3-28 10:28:11
Development of Important Model Species II: Vertebrates,in the laboratory. From the Ancient World (Aristotle, Box1.1) up to the eighteenth century incubated chick eggs were the gold standard for animal development; since 1900 amphibians took over this position. The modified development of reptiles, birds and mammals can be deduced readily from the amphib