贞洁
发表于 2025-3-23 11:15:20
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GRIN
发表于 2025-3-23 16:59:18
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态学
发表于 2025-3-23 20:06:06
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dura-mater
发表于 2025-3-23 23:49:03
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60300-6l outcomes, and varied doses of treatment. An instrument is a relatively haphazard nudge towards acceptance of treatment where the nudge itself can affect the outcome only if it prompts acceptance of the treatment. Although competing theories structure design, opportunities, devices, and instruments are ingredients from which designs are built.
cardiac-arrest
发表于 2025-3-24 03:34:31
Causal Inference in Randomized Experiments for later chapters, much of the material in this chapter is quite old, dating from Sir Ronald Fisher’s work in the 1920s and 1930s, and it is likely to be familiar from other contexts, such as a course in the design of experiments.
jaundiced
发表于 2025-3-24 07:25:22
Opportunities, Devices, and Instrumentsl outcomes, and varied doses of treatment. An instrument is a relatively haphazard nudge towards acceptance of treatment where the nudge itself can affect the outcome only if it prompts acceptance of the treatment. Although competing theories structure design, opportunities, devices, and instruments are ingredients from which designs are built.
Gerontology
发表于 2025-3-24 13:37:30
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Inveterate
发表于 2025-3-24 17:21:54
Fine Balanceores, (2) a rare binary variable that is difficult to control using a distance, or (3) the interaction of several nominal variables. The fine balance constraint and the distance can emphasize different covariates. When fine balance is unobtainable, near-fine balance is the smallest possible deviation from fine balance.
hermitage
发表于 2025-3-24 22:41:34
Matching Without Groups subjects. Then the subjects are divided into pairs to minimize the total distance within pairs. The method may be used to match with doses of treatment, or with multiple control groups, or as an aid to risk-set matching. An extended discussion of Card and Krueger’s study of the minimum wage is used to illustrate.
指数
发表于 2025-3-24 23:59:10
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69121-1ity score caliper to the distance matrix, and (3) finding an optimal match. In practice, matching involves bookkeeping and efficient use of computer memory that are best handled by dedicated software for matching. Sect. 14.10 describes currently available software.