affected
发表于 2025-3-21 20:07:46
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假
发表于 2025-3-21 20:54:27
Overexpression, Isolation, and Crystallization of Proteins,ructural analysis by X-ray crystallography. High-level gene expression has facilitated the purification of many proteins that are normally only expressed at low concentrations, as well as those that have proven difficult to purify to homogeneity from natural sources. Furthermore, advances in oligonu
冷淡一切
发表于 2025-3-22 03:11:41
Preliminary Characterization of Crystals,ded to answer many important questions about the crystals. Do they diffract X-rays? Do they diffract to a suitable resolution? Are they stable in the X-ray beam? What is their overall symmetry? What are the dimensions of their repeating unit? How many protein molecules are in that repeating unit? Th
sebaceous-gland
发表于 2025-3-22 06:21:23
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capsule
发表于 2025-3-22 11:04:20
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syring
发表于 2025-3-22 16:08:21
Structure Determination Using Isomorphous Replacement,udes and the calculation of phases for each diffraction point (maximum). Although amplitudes can be directly measured from diffracting crystals, phases are indirectly determined, because there are no lenses that can bend and focus X-rays. Thus, methods were developed to calculate phases from the int
syring
发表于 2025-3-22 19:24:38
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磨坊
发表于 2025-3-22 22:18:10
Density Modification in X-Ray Crystallography,es measured experimentally and phases obtained with the multiple isomorphous replacement method. This method has poor precision, generating errors in the phases and therefore in the map. If the quality of the map is not sufficient to trace clearly a molecular model, it is necessary to improve the ph
注视
发表于 2025-3-23 03:31:33
Refinement of Protein and Nucleic Acid Structures, and data collection; second, phase determination and calculation of electron density maps; and third, model building and refinement. This final part is necessary because the structural models arrived at after the first two steps are approximate and usually contain errors in the tracing of the macro
简略
发表于 2025-3-23 08:27:55
Recent Developments for Crystallographic Refinement of Macromolecules,ea detectors, and data analysis by high performance computers and new computational techniques. In addition, recombinant gene technology in many cases allows the expression of large amounts of protein. This has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number of protein crystal structures elucida