难取悦
发表于 2025-3-25 04:13:35
Annie Hau-Nung Chan,Lawrence Ka-Ki Hodata generated by the interaction of X-rays with the crystals of the macromolecule under investigation. In general, there are two points at which the process languishes because of lack of necessary material or data. The first is the initial crystallization of the macromolecule; although work is bein
干涉
发表于 2025-3-25 09:45:31
udes and the calculation of phases for each diffraction point (maximum). Although amplitudes can be directly measured from diffracting crystals, phases are indirectly determined, because there are no lenses that can bend and focus X-rays. Thus, methods were developed to calculate phases from the int
puzzle
发表于 2025-3-25 12:18:07
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无法破译
发表于 2025-3-25 17:51:38
Julia Brannen,Peter Moss,Ann Mooneyes measured experimentally and phases obtained with the multiple isomorphous replacement method. This method has poor precision, generating errors in the phases and therefore in the map. If the quality of the map is not sufficient to trace clearly a molecular model, it is necessary to improve the ph
沉积物
发表于 2025-3-25 20:09:43
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nonsensical
发表于 2025-3-26 03:38:52
Julia Brannen,Peter Moss,Ann Mooneyea detectors, and data analysis by high performance computers and new computational techniques. In addition, recombinant gene technology in many cases allows the expression of large amounts of protein. This has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number of protein crystal structures elucida
阻挠
发表于 2025-3-26 05:08:49
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含铁
发表于 2025-3-26 09:43:02
The Foreign Policy Election That Wasn’tews . [.–.]). This has allowed a detailed understanding of how specific proteins interact with DNA (e.g., prokaryotic repressors), but has not facilitated the formulation of a common protein-DNA recognition code, which although suggested earlier (.), now appears to be too simplistic (.). However, so
myopia
发表于 2025-3-26 16:10:17
The Foreign Policy Election That Wasn’t resolution, and is thus an extraordinarily powerful tool in the pursuit of a fuller understanding of the functioning of these simple biological systems. We have already expanded our knowledge of virus evolution, assembly, antigenic variation, and host-cell interactions; further studies will no doub
Inordinate
发表于 2025-3-26 18:36:28
The Foreign Policy Election That Wasn’tst major breakthrough came with the crystallization (.) and X-ray crystallography (.,.) of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (. refs. . and . for reviews). The structure of another, entirely different membrane protein, the bacterial outer membrane porin from ., has now been determined by