马赛克
发表于 2025-3-26 22:51:45
Consumption as a Base for Emission Accounting and as a Policy BaseFinally, various criteria for assessing different climate policy variants are discussed: economic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, environmental effectiveness, carbon leakage, welfare, and competitiveness. This discussion shows that one of the most common policy effectiveness indicators—carbon leakag
Rustproof
发表于 2025-3-27 04:51:22
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magenta
发表于 2025-3-27 05:16:53
Unilateral Climate Policies: The Theoretical Economic Background examines four such channels: the competitiveness, the energy market, the income, and the technology spillovers channel. Various counter-measures against leakage were suggested; one of them being border carbon adjustments. Recently, some authors have drawn attention to macroeconomic effects of such
acquisition
发表于 2025-3-27 11:14:44
Quantitative Studies of Carbon Leakage and the Effects of Border Adjustmentss lead to a substantial redistribution of income between abating and non-abating countries. This chapter argues that the main insights produced by these studies are not the quantitative estimates .; rather this literature strand has made an enormous contribution to discovering the parameters and det
DEBT
发表于 2025-3-27 16:55:30
Literature on Emissions Embodied in Trade they cannot guarantee that consumption-based policies are environmentally more effective than production-based ones. Another central argument of the literature on emissions embodied in trade is that consumption-based policies may be “fairer”, as not only producers, but also consumers are “responsib
食品室
发表于 2025-3-27 18:37:52
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绊住
发表于 2025-3-27 22:17:47
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摇曳的微光
发表于 2025-3-28 02:20:52
Consumption-Based Climate Policy in Practice: Abatement Potentials Difficult to Exploitt have large effects on policy effectiveness; and the adoption of “green” technologies by developing and emerging economies should be incentivized. This chapter argues that the last of these recommendations is extremely important for the environmental effectiveness of the policy; this recommendation
滑稽
发表于 2025-3-28 08:20:44
Conclusionhat in the short run—when using border adjustments as a policy instrument—the desirable incentive effects can be secured only if it is possible to achieve at least a certain level of cooperation with the countries affected by the border measures. In the long run, a “carbon-added” scheme could be int
Adulterate
发表于 2025-3-28 11:30:14
Policy Transmission Through Energy Markets, Income Effects, and Technological Spillovers