斥责
发表于 2025-3-27 00:40:47
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现实
发表于 2025-3-27 03:03:33
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Canvas
发表于 2025-3-27 08:33:42
https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-37345-4he study of complex systems has made major inroads in the mathematical world, but fewer inroads in the realm of social and organizational studies. Part of the lack of progress involves difficulties in traversing from abstract theoretical- or probability-based models to the perceived “real” world of
dry-eye
发表于 2025-3-27 12:00:18
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Water-Brash
发表于 2025-3-27 14:46:32
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刺激
发表于 2025-3-27 19:08:42
The Geometry of Influence Functions,son (1977, 1979) first used the term “affordance” to refer to actionable properties between world and actor (a person or animal). To Gibson, affordances are relationships. They exist naturally; they do not have to be visible, known, or desirable. As his student Norman (1988) would later phrase it: “
陶器
发表于 2025-3-27 22:57:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-37345-4es not work; only ex post facto can one define processes as if they were structures. Ascribed coherence avoids the preconscious, nonverbal, and not-yet-defined quality of emergence. It also abandons the present, the experiential, and the living. Ascription does not share in emergence or fully reflec
Feckless
发表于 2025-3-28 02:24:30
Approximate Methods for Gaining Efficiency,n. Complexification, development, and renewal may provide emergent energy, but their instability can also endanger existence. Becoming may lead to constant creation, activity, and participation, but will the result be able to sustain itself as organization? As we have seen, affordances can offer lot
一起
发表于 2025-3-28 09:27:38
David W. Scott,Heinz-Peter Schmitzgether of affordance with sagacity, that is, preparedness. If one treats emergence and its impacts as only the product of luck, then miracles and nasty surprises are the likely results. The opposite of sagacity is a lack of preparedness: “The ingredients include risks that are erroneously thought to
neutrophils
发表于 2025-3-28 13:02:24
Introduction to Semiparametric Models,With this chapter, we begin our in-depth discussion of our four primary concepts.