Parallel
发表于 2025-3-25 05:18:52
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ear-canal
发表于 2025-3-25 07:37:59
Anaesthesia in ambulatory hysteroscopy,of South Korea 15.1%, of Thailand 39.0%, and of Vietnam 15.2%. I find that an increase in the burden of indirect taxation and the unemployment rate and less business freedom are the driving forces of the shadow economies of these eleven countries.
形上升才刺激
发表于 2025-3-25 15:16:07
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飞行员
发表于 2025-3-25 18:07:14
New Estimates for the Shadow Economies of 11 Asian Countries from 2000 to 2014of South Korea 15.1%, of Thailand 39.0%, and of Vietnam 15.2%. I find that an increase in the burden of indirect taxation and the unemployment rate and less business freedom are the driving forces of the shadow economies of these eleven countries.
V切开
发表于 2025-3-25 20:10:52
On the Role of Cash in East Asia, a cashless society point to cost considerations, the prospect of widening anti-deflationary monetary policy into the realm of negative interest rates, as well as the chances of repressing the shadow economy. As such expectations are being contested, the discussion of the pros and cons of a cashless
柱廊
发表于 2025-3-26 01:15:52
The Use of Cash in Europe and East Asiative by enabling a further decline in interest rates into the negative zone. Second, the rapid development of retail electronic payment and the emergence of digital currencies are making us rethink seriously the future of cash. Third, there is a growing discussion about whether to abolish high denom
富饶
发表于 2025-3-26 04:58:04
New Estimates for the Shadow Economies of 11 Asian Countries from 2000 to 2014, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam over the period 2000–2014. According to my estimation the average size (over 2000–2014) of the shadow economy of Bangladesh is 33.7%, of Cambodia 45.4%, of China 12.0%, of Indonesia 29.0%, of Japan 9.2%, of Laos 27.5%, of Malaysia 28.9%, of the Philippines 32.6%,
人造
发表于 2025-3-26 11:19:48
De-monetisation, Re-monetisation, and Parallel Currencies in North Koreathe country had been largely de-monetised in the sense that money existed but was unable to fulfil its basic functions. A massive economic shock resulting from the collapse of the global socialist system after 1990 contributed to a re-monetisation including a reform of the domestic currency from the
美色花钱
发表于 2025-3-26 15:28:16
Domestic Liquidity Conditions and Monetary Policy in Singaporetions are carried out by the central bank through the management of the Singapore dollar against a currency basket. As is well recognised, such foreign exchange interventions do have an impact on domestic liquidity conditions. However, in the case of Singapore, this tends to be counteracted by the l
审问,审讯
发表于 2025-3-26 20:06:02
Fully Reserve-Backed Money: A Solution to Japan’s Fiscal and Monetary Challengesnks financed by cash deposits. The latter are possible, because bank deposits that are meant as means of exchange by their holders are subject to very low minimum reserve requirements. For a long time, renowned economists have proposed to protect cash deposits fully by 100% reserve requirements, bec