Canary
发表于 2025-3-26 23:42:19
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5673-9the variability of insureds’ payments is zero. With experience rating, personalized premiums will vary from year to year, according to claims history; cooperation between drivers is weakened. Solidarity between insureds can be evaluated by a measure of the variability of annual premiums. The coeffic
anagen
发表于 2025-3-27 01:42:51
Local Symbols and Existence Theoremssumed that the random variables “number of claims” and “claim amount” are independent. This assumption essentially states that the cost of an accident is for the most part beyond the control of a policyholder. If someone drives too fast and skids off the road, he may end up in a tree, or he may per
aneurysm
发表于 2025-3-27 05:21:33
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原告
发表于 2025-3-27 10:35:07
Local Symbols and Existence Theoremaims heavily will exhibit high RSAL, high premium variability, high elasticity, and high average optimal retentions. These four measures, presented in tables 4–1, 5–1, 6–1, and 7–1 for a policyholder with claim frequency 0.10, are, however, highly positively correlated, as shown in table 8–1.
愚蠢人
发表于 2025-3-27 15:59:15
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09768-4: a strong clustering of policies in the high-discount classes. With only a two-class penalty for the first claim, the system was designed for an average claim frequency close to 1/3. The much lower claim frequencies observed since the 1974 oil shock created an increasing lack of financial balance,
Ambiguous
发表于 2025-3-27 19:20:57
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悲观
发表于 2025-3-27 23:22:33
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49464-2eir properties (see, for instance, Gerber, 1974a, 1974b, and Goovaerts, De Vijlder and Haezendonck, 1984). While this line of research may have been instrumental in inducing insurers to reevaluate their rating principles, it mostly focused on risk premiums (net premiums and safety loadings), while c
天气
发表于 2025-3-28 02:26:15
Huebner International Series on Risk, Insurance and Economic Securityhttp://image.papertrans.cn/b/image/189752.jpg
Adj异类的
发表于 2025-3-28 07:24:33
James Damon,Peter Giblin,Gareth Haslinger that they should be charged a lower premium. Moreover, if a company was to disregard this variable and charge an average premium to everyone, regardless of gender, most of its female policyholders would switch to another carrier, leaving the company with a disproportionate population of males and insufficient premium income to pay for claims.
ensemble
发表于 2025-3-28 12:31:40
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