Definite 发表于 2025-3-21 19:23:15
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004Extemporize 发表于 2025-3-22 03:05:27
or induced, between different energy states are studied and spectroscopy therefore normally means analysis of various types of radiation — electromagnetic or particle emission. Spectroscopic investigations can be of a fundamental or an applied nature. In fundamental spectroscopy experimentally deter清晰 发表于 2025-3-22 08:03:03
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Instrumente als Mittel zum Zweckoms and molecules change their energy state. The processes are accompanied by the absorption or release of radiation, giving rise to spectra. These spectra can be used to clarify the structure of atoms and molecules and for a wealth of analytical purposes. We will first consider the case of transiti破译 发表于 2025-3-22 18:36:23
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Instrumente als Mittel zum Zwecketermination of the general energy-level structure in the energy range corresponding to UV, visible and IR light. The energy-level scheme for atoms and ions of many different charge states has been established from spectral analysis in different wavelength regions, as discussed in Chap. 2. Many of t碎石头 发表于 2025-3-23 04:47:42
Instrumente als Mittel zum Zweckpment, resonance methods yield a linewidth which is limited essentially only by the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. For investigations of ground- and meta-stable states two methods, . (OP) and . (ABMR) can be utilized. In the second method, a spatial deflection of free atoms is used, while the firs人类的发源 发表于 2025-3-23 09:13:17
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