文艺
发表于 2025-3-26 22:05:56
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
SHOCK
发表于 2025-3-27 03:46:23
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Detain
发表于 2025-3-27 06:14:45
Simple Rules,lexity can arise from simple rules. Iteration in time and the interactions between many-bodied systems are explored as pathways to emergent complexity. Examples are drawn from the logistic equation, cellular automaton, and agent-based systems, as a way to understand phenomenon such as flocking, mob
Biguanides
发表于 2025-3-27 09:33:59
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anaerobic
发表于 2025-3-27 16:27:40
Pattern Formation,and material, leading to the ability of a system to perform work. This chapter discusses how patterns form and the critical role they play in the development and maintenance of complex systems. Symmetry breaking is used to illustrate how patterns can emerge between completely heterogeneous (well-mix
解决
发表于 2025-3-27 17:46:26
Networks,le line, ring, tree, grid, and other orderly networks are introduced and contrasted with random networks. Small-world and scale-free networks are explored as lying between ordered and random networks. Throughout, basic network measures such as histograms, clustering, centrality, pathlength, and diam
秘方药
发表于 2025-3-28 00:58:39
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ELUDE
发表于 2025-3-28 02:38:39
Thermodynamics of Complex Systems,pter, thermodynamics is introduced as the study of energy flows. The basic ideas of energy, entropy, work, phase transitions, and the laws of thermodynamics are introduced through intuitive examples. These concepts are expanded beyond the usual heat-specific formulations to include any kind of gradi
spondylosis
发表于 2025-3-28 07:45:31
Game Theory,amework for developing and executing strategies that work in changing environments where many agents share a limited resource. Zero-sum games are explored in the context of game trees, the minimax algorithm, and rational players. Emergent and infinite games are also touched upon. Most of the focus i
inundate
发表于 2025-3-28 12:37:43
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