separate 发表于 2025-3-23 10:45:05
http://reply.papertrans.cn/16/1525/152480/152480_11.png织物 发表于 2025-3-23 15:24:26
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Splitting Homomorphisms and Some Problems in Topology along ∪.. is a 3-cell, is called a . By van Kampen’s theorem the fundamental group .. (.) is a free group of rank . Two cubes .., .. with .., .. handles respectively are homeomorphic if and only if ..=.. and .., .. are both orientable or both non-orientable.flaunt 发表于 2025-3-24 08:23:07
http://reply.papertrans.cn/16/1525/152480/152480_16.pngIST 发表于 2025-3-24 13:13:48
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13618-7In this survey the reader’s notice is drawn to three current questions of combinatorial group theory which have relations to geometry.一瞥 发表于 2025-3-24 17:00:34
,Authentikationsaspekte der Verschlüsselung,The notion of growth is widely used in mathematics. In this chapter we consider this concept as applied to groups. However, at first we shall consider a notion of geometric growth, whose combinatorial form leads to the notion of growth of groups.eczema 发表于 2025-3-24 20:29:25
http://reply.papertrans.cn/16/1525/152480/152480_19.pngrectum 发表于 2025-3-25 02:37:57
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