separate 发表于 2025-3-23 10:45:05

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织物 发表于 2025-3-23 15:24:26

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过份 发表于 2025-3-23 20:57:26

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overwrought 发表于 2025-3-24 01:20:17

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LINES 发表于 2025-3-24 03:26:47

Splitting Homomorphisms and Some Problems in Topology along ∪.. is a 3-cell, is called a . By van Kampen’s theorem the fundamental group .. (.) is a free group of rank . Two cubes .., .. with .., .. handles respectively are homeomorphic if and only if ..=.. and .., .. are both orientable or both non-orientable.

flaunt 发表于 2025-3-24 08:23:07

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IST 发表于 2025-3-24 13:13:48

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13618-7In this survey the reader’s notice is drawn to three current questions of combinatorial group theory which have relations to geometry.

一瞥 发表于 2025-3-24 17:00:34

,Authentikationsaspekte der Verschlüsselung,The notion of growth is widely used in mathematics. In this chapter we consider this concept as applied to groups. However, at first we shall consider a notion of geometric growth, whose combinatorial form leads to the notion of growth of groups.

eczema 发表于 2025-3-24 20:29:25

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rectum 发表于 2025-3-25 02:37:57

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Algebra VII; Combinatorial Group A. N. Parshin,I. R. Shafarevich Book 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 algebraic topology.group