cumber
发表于 2025-3-23 13:31:02
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labyrinth
发表于 2025-3-23 17:20:00
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BROOK
发表于 2025-3-23 19:52:18
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根除
发表于 2025-3-23 22:44:40
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97720-5tisation as the most important factor has not been “deep” enough to decisively influence the level of corruption. Moreover, systemic corruption does not work in isolation but goes hand-in-hand with clientelism, another feature of personal rule.
造反,叛乱
发表于 2025-3-24 02:59:58
d Growth.Corruption is usually understood as hampering political development, economic growth and democratic participation of citizens, but comparing the effects of corruption for different political regimes presents astonishingly complex findings. The ongoing persistence of corruption underlines th
wall-stress
发表于 2025-3-24 08:20:31
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97720-5nd definitions of corruption and clientelism are discussed, highlighting core characteristics and analysing the relationship. Second, different approaches of studying and measuring clientelism are introduced’interpretative, ethnographic field studies, the use of proxies, surveys and expert surveys.
helper-T-cells
发表于 2025-3-24 11:31:25
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搬运工
发表于 2025-3-24 17:29:03
Ablaufplanung mit Hilfe der Simulation,titutions that incentivize corrupt behaviour benefits anti-corruption. Counter-intuitively, this tends not to be the case when political corruption occurs in transient networks of little complexity, but when the new rulers are faced with sophisticated, complex and deeply embedded structures that make access for “outsiders” difficult.
干涉
发表于 2025-3-24 22:10:54
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Neutropenia
发表于 2025-3-25 02:29:24
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