Iridescent
发表于 2025-3-21 17:23:02
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BET
发表于 2025-3-21 22:55:11
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APRON
发表于 2025-3-22 03:36:59
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步兵
发表于 2025-3-22 05:41:49
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debris
发表于 2025-3-22 10:10:55
Delay Differential Equations Models, or diurnal variations, interactions across spatial distances or through complicated paths, as well as other mechanisms have been modeled by the introduction of time delays in dynamic models. In fact, all models that employ difference equations, that is, where time or age is discretized, introduce a
irreparable
发表于 2025-3-22 14:18:44
Age and Internal Structure, the individual’s age, and contact rates among various parts of the population which may lead to the transfer of infections also depend on age. However, for horizontally transferred diseases it is often a valid approximation to neglect age as an independent parameter and to treat the population as b
相信
发表于 2025-3-22 20:00:29
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玉米
发表于 2025-3-22 22:29:28
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做作
发表于 2025-3-23 03:05:23
Introduction,ls that take into account the distinctive aspects of vertical transmission. The purpose of this book is to describe the results that have been obtained to date in the formulation and use of such models, and to lay a foundation for future work in this area.
强壮
发表于 2025-3-23 05:55:26
Delay Differential Equations Models,ith delays in order to account for one or more of the mechanisms we have described above. Even though it is relatively easy to justify the introduction of delays in particular models, the resulting equations often present new mathematical phenomena and difficulties which often require rather complic