Jargon
发表于 2025-3-25 07:15:26
The discovery of valproatey was serendipitously discovered by Pierre Eymard in France in 1962. Valproic acid (VPA; valproate; di-.-propylacetic acid, DPA; 2-propylpentanoic acid, or 2-propylvaleric acid) was first synthesized in 1882, by Burton , but there was no known clinical use until its anticonvulsant activity was fo
fatty-streak
发表于 2025-3-25 09:08:13
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Horizon
发表于 2025-3-25 15:34:39
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纺织品
发表于 2025-3-25 16:54:06
Absorption, distribution, and excretionor heterocyclic anticonvulsants. The pharmacokinetics of valproate have been the subject of regular reviews over the two decades of valproate’s usage as an anticonvulsant . This chapter provides a summary of the salient features of the pharmacokinetics of valproate, and additionally, perspectiv
平静生活
发表于 2025-3-25 20:04:11
Toxicitylar disorders or as an adjunct therapeutic for alcohol addiction during withdrawal periods . Other indications for this drug are under investigation like the treatment of intractable hiccups and as an anti-emetic in chemotherapy . The side-effects caused by this important drug will the
友好
发表于 2025-3-26 00:08:07
Treatment of epilepsies in adults]. Clinical trials by Carraz et al. followed the initial animal studies that showed efficacy against seizures caused by both pentylenetetrazol and maximal electroshock. Valproic acid was used to treat seizures in Europe almost 15 years before approval in the USA . This drug was used initially
痛苦一下
发表于 2025-3-26 06:19:02
Valproate use in psychiatry: A focus on bipolar illness affective illness. Early studies in France by Lambert and in Germany by Emrich presaged the widespread use of the drug in the 1990s . However, it was not until the publication of a series of double-blind controlled studies comparing valproate with lithium and placebo in the early 1990s that i
Fsh238
发表于 2025-3-26 10:23:20
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厌恶
发表于 2025-3-26 15:15:27
Adverse effects and interactions with other drugs1960s when few clinical trials were required, and those performed have simply used incidence reporting following passive inquiry. The prevalence and incidence of adverse effects has not been reported at different points during these early trials and, apart from withdrawal from the trial, no quantifi
aggrieve
发表于 2025-3-26 18:01:12
The future of valproatessed elsewhere in this volume, but the future of VPA is unknown because it depends on whether safer and more effective medications become available for these conditions. Nevertheless, in this chapter we speculate on the future of VPA based on the current knowledge of its properties and use.