永久 发表于 2025-3-25 04:50:01
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Distributive Survival Strategychs routed selective benefits to two constituencies that could provide their new state with revenue and defense: Transjordanian tribes and merchants. Although institutional adaptation accommodated the challenges of industrialization, refugee inflows, and International Monetary fund (IMF) conditional细节 发表于 2025-3-25 16:17:40
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Hybrid Survival Strategy the urban middle class by promising them welfare, education, and guaranteed employment in nationalized enterprises and the government bureaucracy. These distributive networks and their negative influence on state developmental capacity intensified under Anwar Sadat’s policy of Infitah, which led th支形吊灯 发表于 2025-3-26 08:16:53
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Conclusione Middle East and other regions. She identifies Iran and the Gulf States as cases that could potentially strengthen or modify her theoretical framework within the context of the Middle East and claims that developmental cases in East Asia, such as South Korea, could also add important variation in UCognizance 发表于 2025-3-26 20:25:35
Book 2017ree countries in the Middle East. The author argues that the political survival strategies of incumbent leaders in Egypt, Israel, and Jordan shaped not only the type of aid that these countries received from the US, but also its developmental and geopolitical impact. Leaders who relied heavily on di