itinerary
发表于 2025-3-23 10:09:48
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Deduct
发表于 2025-3-23 15:32:31
Sweden on the World Stage: The Foreign Policy of Gustav II Adolf,uania, then Denmark. By 1629, Denmark’s star had fallen visibly; by 1632, Gustav Adolf would be hailed as the new champion of Protestant Europe; by 1644, there was no question that Sweden ruled the northeast. The groundwork for this latter development can be attributed directly to Gustav Adolf and Axel Oxenstierna.
GLOOM
发表于 2025-3-23 18:20:34
The Sixteenth-Century Inheritance,s, its future status as an independent state seemed very unlikely. A century and a quarter later, Sweden was the predominant power in the Baltic and a guarantor of the Peace of Westphalia alongside its ally France. To be sure, it could be argued that the application of the label ‘great power’ to sev
Unsaturated-Fat
发表于 2025-3-24 00:37:36
The Reign of Gustav II Adolf,eventeenth century — with the exception of Louis XIV — rival Gustav Adolf in this regard. Even among the most casual students of the early modern period, Gustav II Adolf is one of those few statesmen who enjoys instant name-recognition. Long before the appearance of the twentieth-century biographies
不易燃
发表于 2025-3-24 04:49:15
Sweden on the World Stage: The Foreign Policy of Gustav II Adolf,dolf, however, that marked the point at which Swedish foreign policy actively sought the creation of a Baltic empire, and at which the Vasa state first demonstrated the capability to pursue such an aim with success. It was also the point at which Sweden became a great power in contemporary estimatio
Cervical-Spine
发表于 2025-3-24 09:21:17
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ITCH
发表于 2025-3-24 11:01:17
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epidermis
发表于 2025-3-24 17:18:18
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无聊的人
发表于 2025-3-24 20:48:21
,The Swedish Empire in Louis XIV’s Europe, 1660–79,mbed to the post-Roskilde onslaught, it could have been incorporated into the Swedish empire; if the war with Poland had ended favorably, the Swedish spoils in the south central Baltic rim would have included Royal Prussia at the very least. But Sweden could not attain either of these goals; the for
ENACT
发表于 2025-3-25 01:09:15
,The Swedish ‘Absolutist’ State, 1679–97,f the later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. There was little need to define what was meant by ‘absolutism’, since it was readily apparent. One recognized absolutism when one saw it: Louis XIV’s France was an absolutist state, while England after the Glorious Revolution most definitely was not.